Prep the leeks properly: Cut off the dark green tops and root ends. Slice the leeks lengthwise, then into half-moons. Rinse well in a bowl of water to remove grit.
Lift out and drain.
Sauté the aromatics: Heat olive oil or butter in a large pot over medium heat. Add leeks and a pinch of salt. Cook 6–8 minutes, stirring, until soft and fragrant.
Add garlic and cook 30 seconds.
Add vegetables and season: Stir in cauliflower florets and diced potatoes. Add thyme, pepper, and another pinch of salt. Cook 2–3 minutes to coat the veggies in flavor.
Pour in broth and simmer: Add broth and the bay leaf.
Bring to a boil, then reduce to a gentle simmer. Cook 18–22 minutes, until potatoes and cauliflower are very tender.
Remove bay leaf and blend: Take out the bay leaf. Use an immersion blender to puree the soup until smooth.
For extra silky texture, transfer to a blender in batches and blend carefully.
Adjust richness: Stir in cream or cashew cream if using. If the soup is too thick, add a splash of broth or water to reach your desired consistency.
Brighten and season: Add lemon juice. Taste and adjust salt and pepper.
The lemon should lift the flavors without making the soup sour.
Serve with toppings: Ladle into bowls and garnish with chopped herbs, croutons, a swirl of olive oil, or crispy bacon bits for contrast.