Sauté the aromatics: Warm the olive oil in a large pot over medium heat. Add onion, carrots, and celery. Cook 5–7 minutes, stirring occasionally, until softened and fragrant.
Build the flavor: Stir in the garlic, thyme, oregano, and bay leaf.
Cook 30 seconds to 1 minute until the garlic smells amazing, but don’t let it brown.
Add broth and chicken: Pour in the chicken broth and bring to a gentle boil. Add the chicken breasts or thighs. Reduce to a simmer, cover, and cook 12–18 minutes, until the chicken is cooked through.
Shred the chicken: Transfer the chicken to a plate.
Shred with two forks into bite-size pieces. Keep the pot simmering.
Cook the starch (optional): If using pasta, rice, or potatoes, add them to the pot now. Simmer until tender (pasta 7–10 minutes, rice 12–15 minutes, potatoes 10–12 minutes).
Add the kale: Stir in the chopped kale.
Simmer 3–5 minutes until wilted but still bright green.
Finish and season: Return the shredded chicken to the pot. Add lemon juice, then taste and season with salt, pepper, and red pepper flakes if you like a little heat.
Serve: Ladle into bowls. Top with parsley and a light shower of parmesan.
Serve with crusty bread if you’re feeling cozy.