Warm the pot: Heat 2 tablespoons olive oil in a large pot over medium heat until shimmering.
Build the base: Add onion, carrots, and celery with a pinch of salt.
Cook 5–7 minutes, stirring, until the onion is soft and edges are slightly golden.
Add garlic and spices: Stir in garlic, oregano, thyme, and red pepper flakes. Cook 30–60 seconds until fragrant.
Layer in veggies: Add zucchini and cook 2 minutes to soften. If using tomatoes, stir them in now and cook 1 minute.
Pour in broth: Add vegetable broth, bay leaf, and Parmesan rind if using.
Bring to a gentle boil.
Simmer the orzo: Stir in orzo. Reduce to a lively simmer and cook 8–10 minutes, stirring often so orzo doesn’t stick. Taste and season with salt and pepper.
Greens and zest: Stir in spinach or kale and the lemon zest.
Cook 2–3 minutes until greens are tender and orzo is al dente.
Finish with lemon and herbs: Remove the bay leaf (and rind). Stir in lemon juice and fresh parsley/dill. Start with the juice of 1 lemon, then add more to taste.
Serve: Ladle into bowls and finish with a swirl of olive oil and a sprinkle of Parmesan if you like.
Crack fresh pepper over the top.